Insights Into Challenges in Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Pediatrics

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be a recently evolving public health problem caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Whereas the condition is fleetly evolving and expanding, clinicians and scientists are learning a lot of daily issues, concerning that the children should be deliberation on parents’ minds. The exact origin and transmission routes are rigorously investigated, one theory is that the virus originated in bats and was transmitted to humans through unknown mechanisms in city Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in late 2019. The sickness encompasses a severe presentation within the aged particularly with comorbidities; however youngsters are affected less oftentimes than adults with a very low death rate. Infant infections are reportable, however no proof of vertical maternal-fetal transmission. SARS-CoV-2 is very contagious. The most routes of transmission are respiratory droplets and contact with patients. The incubation period usually ranges from 1 to 14 days. Symptoms are sometimes delicate like fever, cough, raw throat, dyspnea, fatigue, and discomfort; however it may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multi-organ failure. Nonspecific laboratory findings include normal/low white cell counts with lymphopenia, and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most, effective methodology for diagnosing of COVID-19. It detects the virus in blood and respiratory samples. The chest film is insensitive early within the disease with bilateral infiltrates as common findings. The chest computed tomography (CT) is typically abnormal even in symptomless patients, and is considered more sensitive and specific than plain films. No specific antiviral medical aid is out there for the correct treatment of COVID-19. Treatment is principally supportive and symptomatic. No proof exists that SARS-COV-2 may be a teratogen. Neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 may be considered suspected cases and be isolated. Prevention entails home isolation of confirmed or suspected cases with mild illness. Proper infection control measures at hospitals and community levels should include contact and droplet precautions.




Clin Infect Immun. 2020;5(2):17-24
doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/cii103