Human Parvovirus B19 Infection Induced Severe Aplastic Anemia in an Immunocompetent Adult Without Hematological Disease

Abstract

The human parvovirus B19 infection may be asymptomatic or presents commonly with erythema infectiosum, or joint symptoms. Parvovirus B19 is associated with some hematological complications. In the immunocompromised patients, it frequently leads to pure red-cell aplasia, and in patients with chronic hemolytic anemias, transient aplastic anemia is a common finding. Two cases were reported before in the literature with severe aplastic anemia due to acute parvovirus B19 infection in individuals without the underlying disease. In this case report, we report the third case of acute severe aplastic anemia in a healthy adult patient. We report this case for the rarity of such cases and emphasizing the importance of considering parvovirus B19 as one of the causes of the sudden and severe aplastic anemia in previously hematological normal patients. Viral serology and polymerase chain reaction were positive for parvovirus B19 infection, bone marrow core and aspiration typically showed hypocellular bone marrow with maturation arrest at the proerythroblast stage with intranuclear inclusions and no blast and the immunohistochemistry for parvovirus B19 virus was positive for scattered virus cell. Patient admitted for close monitoring and supportive management which was so effective in improving patient clinical condition and discharged with strict follow-up schedule in outpatient setting.




Clin Infect Immun. 2020;5(1):1-3
doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/cii97